English Oak
Quercus robur
English Oak is one of Europe's most iconic and historically significant hardwoods, the foundation of centuries of European furniture making, shipbuilding, and architecture. Renowned for its strength, durability, and distinctive grain figure, it has been the timber of choice for everything from medieval cathedrals to the mighty warships of the Royal Navy, embodying cultural heritage across the continent.
Botanical Profile
Quercus robur is a large deciduous tree reaching 20-40 meters in height with a massive, spreading crown and deeply furrowed bark. Native throughout Europe from Ireland to the Urals, it features lobed leaves and produces acorns on long stalks. These long-lived trees can survive for over 1000 years.
Physical Properties
The heartwood is light to medium brown with an olive cast, featuring a coarse texture and prominent medullary rays that create spectacular figure when quartersawn. Density averages 720 kg/m³ when dried with a Janka hardness of 1,120 lbf. The wood is notably strong, stiff, and durable with high tannin content.
Workshop Notes
Blunting Effect
Moderate to high - high silica content and tannins can dull tools
Gluing Advice
Good, though acidic nature can affect some adhesives
Finishing
Good - high tannin content reacts with iron-based stains, can create distinctive coloring
Steam Bending
Good steam bending characteristics
Historical Context
English Oak has been central to European civilization for millennia, used extensively by Romans, Vikings, and medieval builders. It formed the backbone of European shipbuilding, including Nelson's HMS Victory and countless other vessels. Traditional timber framing, furniture, and wine barrel construction have all relied heavily on this iconic species throughout history.
Technical Specs
Sustainable with proper management, widely cultivated